Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or, more commonly, cavities, is a common dental issue that occurs when the enamel, the outer layer of the tooth, is damaged by acids produced by bacteria in the mouth. This condition can be painful, and lead to infection and even tooth loss if not properly treated. Treatment will depend on the severity and extent of the damage.
Diagnosis of Tooth Decay
Your dentist needs to diagnose the extent of the tooth decay before determining what treatment is appropriate. This involves a visual examination, where your dentist inspects your teeth for visible signs of decay, such as discolouration, holes, or pits. Your dentist will also use a dental probe to check for soft spots on the enamel. Dental X-rays and digital imaging are used to reveal decay that is not visible.
Importance of Early Identification
It’s important to identify tooth decay as early as possible because it allows for simpler, less invasive treatments that can halt or even reverse the progression of decay, preventing further damage and more complex procedures. Early detection also helps preserve more of the natural tooth structure and reduces the risk of pain, infection, and tooth loss.
Treatment Options for Tooth Decay
Once tooth decay is diagnosed, your dentist will recommend a treatment plan based on the severity of the decay. The primary treatments for tooth decay include fluoride treatments, dental fillings, crowns, root canals, and extractions.
Fluoride Treatments
At the earliest stage of the process, fluoride treatments may help remineralize the enamel to halt the decay process. Fluoride, a mineral, strengthens the enamel and makes it more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria. Fluoride treatments can be applied in various forms, such as gels or foams placed in a mouthguard and worn for a few minutes, or a varnish painted directly onto the tooth surface.
Dental Fillings
In most cases, a dental filling is necessary. Usually, this can be completed in a single treatment with no anaesthetic necessary.
Removal of Decayed Material
Your dentist will use a handpiece that will clean out the decayed portion of the tooth.
Cleaning the Area
The cavity is cleaned to remove bacteria and debris.
Filling the Cavity
The cleaned cavity is filled with dental filling material. While silver amalgam, gold, glass ionomer and other materials may be used for fillings, the most common filling material is a tooth-coloured composite resin.
For composite resin fillings, once the cavity has been thoroughly cleaned and free of debris, your dentist will apply a bonding agent that helps the composite resin stick to the tooth surface. The composite resin is then applied in layers, with each layer cured or hardened using an LED light. Your dentist will then shape and polish the composite resin to ensure a smooth and comfortable bite.
Dental Crowns
For extensive decay that weakens the tooth structure, a dental crown may be necessary. This is a cap placed over the tooth to strengthen it. An impression of your tooth will be made for a permanent crown to be made from. Until this permanent crown is ready, you’ll be given a temporary one. At this time, the permanent crown will be cemented onto your tooth.
Crowns can be made from various materials, including porcelain, metal, or a combination of both, depending on the location of the tooth and aesthetic considerations.
Root Canal Treatment
If decay reaches the inner pulp of the tooth – the tissues, nerves, and blood vessels within the tooth’s root canals – it leads to infection or severe pain. At this point, a root canal treatment becomes necessary.
Removing Infected Pulp
Your dentist will remove the infected or dead pulp from the tooth’s interior.
Cleaning and Disinfecting
The root canals are cleaned, disinfected, and shaped.
Filling the Root Canals
The cleaned root canals are filled with a rubbery material called gutta-percha.
Sealing the Tooth
The tooth is sealed with a temporary or permanent filling. Often, a crown is placed on the tooth to restore its strength and functionality.
Tooth Extraction
If the tooth is severely decayed and cannot be saved, extraction may be necessary. Local anesthesia is used to numb the area around the tooth before your dentist pulls the tooth with dental tools. Options for replacing the missing tooth include dental implants, bridges, or dentures to fill the gap and prevent oral health issues associated with missing teeth, such as teeth shifting towards the gap.
Again, early detection and treatment are vital to prevent progression and more complex interventions. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene are essential to preventing tooth decay.
Gateshead Dental offers white composite resin fillings to help our patients who have tooth decay. If you have tooth pain, or you notice discolouration or holes in a tooth, you may have a cavity, so contact us right away. Getting it treated as soon as possible prevents it from getting more painful and leading to greater damage to the tooth.
He’s completed a number of additional courses to best serve his patients and be able to educate them too. No matter your age or dental condition Dr. Sims can assist you in a professional manner and loves answering any of your questions or concerns.
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